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Aminophylline is a bronchodilator. It is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline with ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. The ethylenediamine improves solubility, and the aminophylline is usually found as a dihydrate.
It is more soluble in water than theophylline, and appears as white or slightly yellowish granules or powder, with a slight ammonia-type odour and a bitter taste. Upon exposure to air, it gradually loses ethylenediamine and absorbs carbon dioxide with the liberation of free theophylline. Its solutions are alkaline. Aminophylline is less potent and shorter-acting than theophylline. Its most common use is in the treatment of bronchial asthma. It causes bronchodilatation, diuresis, CNS and cardiac stimulation, and gastric acid secretion. It does this by blocking phosphodiesterase, which increases tissue concentrations of cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP), which in turn promotes catecholamine stimulation of lipolysis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis and induces release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla cells. Aminophylline has shown some promise as a bodyfat reducer when used as a topical cream (sometimes referred to as 'cutting gel'). Aminophylline is also a treatment option for anaphylactic shock.
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